Stuff Mixture...: February 2019

Hydrophobic: Definition and Example

Hydrophobic: Definition and Example

Definition:

Hydrophobic molecule is defined as the molecule which does not have affinity for the Water.

The Hydrophobic repel the water.

Hydrophobic meaning “Hydro” meaning water and “phobic” meaning fear

Hydrophobic molecules are the nonpolar. Nonpolar molecule which does not have the charge. Without the electrical charge, a molecule can not interact with the water molecule.

Example:

Wax, Oil, Alkenes

Hydrophilic: Definition and Example

Definition:

The hydrophilic molecule is defined as the molecule which has affinity for the Water.

The hydrophilic readily get absorb or dissolve in water.

Hydrophilic meaning “Hydro” meaning water and “Phil” meaning love.

Hydrophilic molecules are polar. polar molecule is the molecule which has partially charged.

Example:

Alcohol, carboxyl acid is the example of the hydrophilic molecule

Related Post:
Hydrophobic : Definition and Example
Difference between Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic

Properties of Enzyme

Enzyme has its unique properties. Enzyme reacts with the substrate and catalyzes the particular metabolic reaction into the body. Enzyme and substrate reaction can be explained by the lock and key model.

Here the some unique properties and the characteristic of the Enzymes.

Enzyme is the sensitive:

Enzyme is highly sensitive for pH, Temperature, alcohol. Enzyme may be getting inactive due to the excessive heat. Enzyme gets denatured by the excessive heat.

Enzymes act only in specific pH ranges and any changes can adversely affect their action and efficiency. Most intracellular enzymes function best at neutral pH.

Enzyme is Rapid:

Enzyme rapid action can catalyze the reaction without enzyme the reactions are very slow. The rate of reaction is very high in presence of the enzyme.

Enzyme has a variety of cellular controls:

Rate of synthesis and the concentration at a given time and under the control situation

Enzymes are Not destroyed or Altered after reaction:

Enzymes are re-used after using into the reaction. they are different from inorganic catalysts that stable and that can be re-used over and over again indefinitely.

Facilitated diffusion

Definition of facilitated diffusion:

-Facilitated diffusion defined as the movement of the substance across the biological membrane from higher concentration to lower concentration by the use of carrier.

-Facilitated diffusion is also known as the Facilitated transport.

-Facilitated diffusion does not require the energy as the molecule move according to the concentration gradient. Facilitated diffusion is type of passive diffusion.

-Facilitated diffusion happens in cell body. Facilitated diffusion is occurring by various types of proteins that are embedded within the cell membrane. Only channel proteins and carrier proteins are associated with facilitated diffusion. Chanel protein usually transports the ions in cells. Carrier protein binds with the molecule which needs to transport from one side to another side. And carrier protein releases the molecule to the other side of the membrane.

Example of facilitated diffusion:

-Transport of glucose into the cell.

-Sodium ions diffuse into the cell by the facilitated diffusion
- Movement of oxygen into the cell in also example of facilitated diffusion

Diffusion: Definition and Example

Definition of Diffusion:

-Diffusion is defined as the movement of the solute from higher concentration to the lower concentration until the equilibrium established.

-In diffusion movement of solvent and solute happened.

Example:

The carbon dioxide comes out from our body by the diffusion process only. When into the cell the amount of the carbon dioxide increase into the cell.

The concentration of the carbon dioxide is higher than the surrounding blood. Hence the carbon dioxide diffuses into the blood.

Osmolarity VS Osmolality

Osmolarity and the Osmolality is the difference term used to express the concentration of the solution. But there is difference between the Osmolarity and Osmolality.

Following are the difference between Osmolarity and Osmolality.

	Osmolarity	Osmolality
Definition	Osmolarity is defined as the concentration of a solution expressed in terms of osmoles of solute particles.	Osmolality is defined as the concentration of a solution expressed in terms of the total number of solute particles.
Unit	Particles per liter of solution	Particles per kilogram
Unit	mmol/L.	mOsmol/kg.
Factor affect	It depends on the temperature and pressure.	It does not happen on the temperature and Pressure.

Difference between Diffusion and Effusion

Difference between Diffusion and Effusion

Diffusion and effusion both terms defined the movement of the molecule. But the main difference between the diffusion and effusion is the type of the molecule which moved.

Following are the main difference between Diffusion and effusion

Diffusion:

-The movement of the solute from higher concentration to the lower concentration until the equilibrium established.

-Diffusion occurs in gas, liquid and solid particle.

-The diffusion rate depends on the concentration gradient and the amount of surface area available for diffusion.

-Collision occurs among the molecule

Effusion:

-The movement of gases from the small hole known as the effusion.

-Effusion occurs in only gaseous molecule.

-Effusion rates both depend on the molar mass of the gas involved, their rates are not equal.

- There is no any Collision occur among the molecule

Related Post:

Vesicular Transport

Similarities between Diffusion and Osmosis

Diffusion and Osmosis are the process in both the movement of the solvent is occurring. Diffusion and osmosis both process have so many similarities

Following are the similarities between the Diffusion and Osmosis.

- Diffusion and osmosis both processes depend on the concentration of the solution.

- Diffusion and Osmosis in both processes movement of the solvent happens.

- Diffusion and Osmosis in both solvents move from high concentration of solute to the lower concentration of the solvent.

- In Diffusion and osmosis, the movement of solvent occurs until the concentration at both solution equalized.

- Diffusion and the osmosis both does not require the energy

- Diffusion and Osmosis both happen in living and nonliving cells.

Related Post:

Definition of osmosis

Hypotonic Solution

Isotonic Solution
Hypertonic solution

Tonicity Definition

R everse Osmosis

Osmotic Pressure
Factor affecting the rate of diffusion in biology

Difference between Osmosis and diffusion

Difference between Osmosis and Reverse osmosis

Difference between Osmolarity and Osmolality

Difference between Diffusion and Effusion

Difference between Simple diffusion and Facilitated diffusion

Advantages and Disadvantages of Reverse osmosis
Difference between Active transport and Passive Transport

Advantages and Disadvantages of Reverse Osmosis

Advantages and Disadvantages of Reverse Osmosis

Following are Reverse osmosis advantage and disadvantages of reverse Osmosis.

Advantages of reverse Osmosis:

- Reverse osmosis softens the water.

-Reverse osmosis is the process removes the dissolved substance from the water and maintain the TDS of the water.

-Reverse osmosis also filters remove many bacteria and pathogens from water.

Bacteria are effectively filtered out from your water.

- No, any chemical treatment is involved in Reverse osmosis. Only filtration and pressure technology is used in Reverse osmosis.

- It requires minimum space for installation.

Disadvantages of reverse Osmosis:

- Wastage of water is happened due to the Reverse osmosis.

- The cost of the system is high

- Frequently replacement of the membrane used in Reverse osmosis process is required.

- Maintenance needs to be required.

Related Post:

Definition of osmosis

Difference between Osmosis and reverse osmosis

Difference between Osmosis and Diffusion
Similarity between Diffusion and Osmosis

Hypertonic Solution: Definition

Definition:

-Hypertonic solution is defined as the solution which has higher solute concentration compared to another solution.

-With respect to the osmotic pressure, Hypertonic solution is defined as the have higher osmotic pressure.

-Hypertonic solution is the comparison of the concentration of solute with respect to the other solution.

Diagram of Hypertonic Solution:

Related Post:

Definition of osmosis

Difference between Osmosis and reverse osmosis

Difference between Osmosis and Diffusion
Advantages and Disadvantages of Reverse osmosis

Hypotonic Solution

Definition:

-Hypotonic solution is defined as solution which has lower solute concentration compared to another solution.

-With respect to the osmotic pressure, Hypotonic solution is defined as the have low osmotic pressure.

-Hypotonic solution is the comparison of the concentration of solute with respect to the other solution.

-The solvent moves into the hypotonic solution.

Diagram of Hypotonic Solution movement:

Hypotonic Solution movement

Here the B side is the hypotonic (The concentration of the solute is lower) Solution which has low concentration of solute than the Side A.So the solvent molecule move towards the hypotonic solution (B) till the concentration of both sides is equal.

Isotonic Definition

Definition:

-Isotonic solution is defined as the solution which separated by the semi permeable membrane and has same concentration of solute at both side solutions.

-In other words, isotonic solution is defined as the solution that has the same osmolarity.

-Hence the concentration of the solution is equal at the both side of the semi permeable membrane there is no movement of the solvent.

Example:

Isotonic saline solution is given to the patient. The saline solution 0.9% solution chloride. It is the example of the isotonic solution with blood.

Diagram of Isotonic Solution:

Tonicity Definition

Tonicity Definition:

Definition:

-Tonicity is also defined in terms of the osmotic pressure. Tonicity defined as the measure of the osmotic pressure gradient between two solutions.

-In simple language, tonicity is the relative concentration of the solution as compared to another solution which separated by the semi permeable membrane.

Based on the tonicity of the solution it is classified.

There are three types of the solution based on the tonicity

Hypertonic solution

Isotonic solution

Hypotonic solution

Difference between Osmosis and Reverse Osmosis

Difference between Osmosis and Reverse Osmosis

Osmosis and the reverse osmosis are the two phenomenon in which occurs due to the movement of the solvent. The main difference between Osmosis and the reverse osmosis is direction of the movement of the solvent and the pressure applied.

Here, following are the difference between the Osmosis and reverse osmosis.

	Osmosis	Reverse Osmosis
Definition	Osmosis is defined as the movement of a solvent through a semi permeable membrane to lower concentration to higher concentration.	Reverse osmosis is defined as the movement of the solvent through the semi permeable membrane from higher concentration to lower concentration with pressure
movement	The solvent transfer from lower concentration to higher concentration	The solvent transfer from higher concentration to the lower concentration.
Pressure	Pressure is not required	Pressure is required then only reverse osmosis is possible. Applied pressure on higher concentration.
Example	Movement of water in root	Purification of the water.
Process	It naturally occurs.	It is simulated process
Energy	Energy is not required for the process	Energy is required for the process.