Passive Transport in Biology: Definition and Example

Definition:

-Passive transport is defined as the movement of molecule which does not require the energy for the process.

-In Passive transport molecule transport along with the concentration gradient. In Passive transport molecule transfer to high concentration to low concentration.

-Passive diffusion the molecule transport till the equilibrium at both sides achieved.

-Passive diffusion is rapid process.

-Small non polar molecule transport through the Passive transport.

     Following are the types of Passive transport

Types of Passive transport :

1. Diffusion

2. Facilitated Diffusion

3. Osmosis

4. Filtration

Example of  Passive transport:

-Movement of glucose molecule into the body is the example of the Passive transport. Glucose molecule

-The movement of the gases (Oxygen and carbon dioxide) between the outside environment and the lungs. Movement of the gases between the lungs and the blood.All movement is the example of the Passive transport. Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide is the best example of the passive transport and the diffusion

Hydrophobic: Definition and Example

Hydrophobic: Definition and Example

Definition:

Hydrophobic molecule is defined as the molecule which does not have affinity for the Water.

The Hydrophobic repel the water.

Hydrophobic meaning “Hydro” meaning water and “phobic” meaning fear

Hydrophobic molecules are the nonpolar. Nonpolar molecule which does not have the charge. Without the electrical charge, a molecule can not interact with the water molecule.

 Example:

Wax, Oil, Alkenes

Hydrophilic: Definition and Example

Definition:

The hydrophilic molecule is defined as the molecule which has affinity for the Water.

The hydrophilic readily get absorb or dissolve in water.

Hydrophilic meaning “Hydro” meaning water and “Phil” meaning love.

Hydrophilic molecules are polar. polar molecule is the molecule which has partially charged.

Example:

Alcohol, carboxyl acid is the example of the hydrophilic molecule

Related Post:
Hydrophobic : Definition and Example
Difference between Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic

Facilitated diffusion

Definition of facilitated diffusion:

-Facilitated diffusion defined as the movement of the substance across the biological membrane from higher concentration to lower concentration by the use of carrier.

-Facilitated diffusion is also known as the Facilitated transport.

-Facilitated diffusion does not require the energy as the molecule move according to the concentration gradient. Facilitated diffusion is type of passive diffusion.

-Facilitated diffusion happens in cell body. Facilitated diffusion is occurring by various types of proteins that are embedded within the cell membrane. Only channel proteins and carrier proteins are associated with facilitated diffusion. Chanel protein usually transports the ions in cells. Carrier protein binds with the molecule which needs to transport from one side to another side. And carrier protein releases the molecule to the other side of the membrane.

 Example of facilitated diffusion:

-Transport of glucose into the cell.

-Sodium ions diffuse into the cell by the facilitated diffusion 
- Movement of oxygen into the cell in also example of facilitated diffusion 

Related Post:

Difference between Active transport  and Passive Transport

Diffusion: Definition and Example

Definition of Diffusion:

-Diffusion is defined as the movement of the solute from higher concentration to the lower concentration until the equilibrium established.

-In diffusion movement of solvent and solute happened.

Example:

The carbon dioxide comes out from our body by the diffusion process only. When into the cell the amount of the carbon dioxide increase into the cell.

The concentration of the carbon dioxide is higher than the surrounding blood. Hence the carbon dioxide diffuses into the blood.

Hypertonic Solution: Definition

Definition:

-Hypertonic solution is defined as the solution which has higher solute concentration compared to another solution.

-With respect to the osmotic pressure, Hypertonic solution is defined as the have higher osmotic pressure.

-Hypertonic solution is the comparison of the concentration of solute with respect to the other solution.

Diagram of Hypertonic Solution:

Related Post:

Definition of osmosis

Hypotonic Solution

Isotonic Solution

Tonicity Definition

Reverse Osmosis 

Osmotic Pressure  

Difference between Osmosis and reverse osmosis  

Difference between Osmosis and Diffusion  
Advantages and Disadvantages of Reverse osmosis

Isotonic Definition

Definition:

-Isotonic solution is defined as the solution which separated by the semi permeable membrane and has same concentration of solute at both side solutions.

-In other words, isotonic solution is defined as the solution that has the same osmolarity.

-Hence the concentration of the solution is equal at the both side of the semi permeable membrane there is no movement of the solvent.

Example:

Isotonic saline solution is given to the patient. The saline solution 0.9% solution chloride. It is the example of the isotonic solution with blood. 

Diagram of Isotonic Solution:

Tonicity Definition

Tonicity Definition:

Definition:

-Tonicity is also defined in terms of the osmotic pressure. Tonicity defined as the measure of the osmotic pressure gradient between two solutions.

-In simple language, tonicity is the relative concentration of the solution as compared to another solution which separated by the semi permeable membrane.

Based on the tonicity of the solution it is classified.

There are three types of the solution based on the tonicity

Hypertonic solution

Isotonic solution

Hypotonic solution

Reverse osmosis definition

        Reverse osmosis definition:

        Definition:

Reverse Osmosis is defined as the movement of solvent in the opposite direction from the osmosis; when pressure is applied.
Pressure is most important factor in reverse osmosis process.

Diagram of Reverse Osmosis:

Reverse Osmosis

-Here is a diagram, the red molecules are the molecule of the solvent while the blue is the solute molecule. And the dotted line is the semipermeable membrane. Pressure is applied to the side where the concentration of the solute is high.

-Due to the applied pressure, thee red solvent molecule passes through the semipermeable membrane toward the other side where the concentration of solute (Blue color molecule) is low. This phenomenon is known as Reverse Osmosis.

Osmotic pressure Definition

Osmotic pressure Definition:

Osmotic pressure defined as the Maximum pressure developed in osmotic process.

Osmotic pressure is the pressure required to prevent the movement of the water across the semipermeable membrane

Potential osmotic pressure Definition :

Potential osmotic pressure defined as the maximum osmotic pressure that develops in a solution when separated from its pure solvent by a semipermeable membrane.

Definition of crystal Habit

Definition of crystal Habit:

-A crystal habit is defined as the description of the outer appearance of a crystal whereas the internal structure is the molecular arrangement within the solid.

-Any crystal is characterized by its internal structure and habit.

-Crystal habit can also be modified by adding impurities or ‘poisons’; for example, sulphonic acid dyes alter the crystal habit of ammonium, sodium and potassium nitrates.              

-It can be quantitatively expressed in terms of aspect ratio (AR), defined as the ratio of length to width and values of AR approaching 1 (spherical or cube shape) are considered to be pharmaceutically good. It is preferable to keep the AR values below 5 so as to avoid problems with flow. AR in polar solvents was as high as 9.4 in comparisons with 5-6 in non-polar solvents.

Definition of Hormone

Definition of Hormone:

Hormone is defined as the chemical substance which produces by the endocrine gland which regulates and controls the different function of the body.

Properties of Hormones:

-Hormones are the secreted by the endocrine gland and diffuse into the blood.

-Hormones are the chemical messenger and hormones may be classified as water soluble hormone and the lipid soluble hormones.

-Hormone act on the specific target cells only. The target cells have receptor. Hormones bind with that receptor.

-Hormone Receptor Interaction is Reversible.

-The binding of hormone to receptor is a saturable process.

- Many hormones are produced in their inactive form which is known as the pro hormone.

Definition of Isotropic

Definition :

An isotropic structure is defined as the solid in which exhibits the same properties or structure when it viewed from any direction.

Example: sphere, amorphous solid, Cubic crystal, glass

-Isotropic solid is the direction independent.

-Isotropic solid have single refractive index.

- Isotropic crystals do not have property like birefringence, optical activity.

-Diffusion is same in each direction 

Related Post:

Definition of Crystalline Solid

Amorphous solid: Definition, property, and example

Definition of Crystalline Solid 

Amorphous solid: Definition, property, and example 

Definition of Anisotropic

Definition of Anisotropic

Definition:

Definition of Anisotropic:

-Anisotropic is the property of the crystalline solid to show the different physical property because of the different axis.

Example: wood, All crystalline solid except cubic crystal form

- Anisotropic property is based on the direction.

- Anisotropic materials have different optical properties in different directions. 

-Anisotropic is term which used to define the characteristic of the crystalline solid.

- More than the one refractive index. 

Related Post:
Amorphous solid: Definition, property, and example

Definition of Crystalline Solid 

Difference between amorphous and crystalline Solid

Amorphous solid: Definition, property, and example

Amorphous solid: Definition, property, and example

Definition:

Amorphous solid is defined as the form of solid in which molecules are randomly arranged.  No proper or organized arrangement is observed in amorphous solid.

Example: Glass, polymer, Plastic.

Property of Amorphous Solid:

-       Amorphous solid does not have sharp melting point. Wide range of melting point.

-       Irregular arrangement of molecules is observed and no characteristic arrangement of molecule.

-       Amorphous solid how the isotropic property.

-       Amorphous solid are asymmetric.

-       Amorphous solid does not have heat of fusion. 

Diagram of Amorphous Solid:

Definition of Crystalline solid

Definition:

Crystal is a solid in which the constituent atoms, molecules, or ions are packed in a regularly ordered, repeating pattern extending in all three spatial dimensions.

-In crystalline solids are compounds in which the molecules are packed (bonded) in a defined, specific and repeating order.

- A repetitive arrangement in solid makes the three dimensional structure which is known as crystal lattice.

Characteristic of Crystalline solid:

- Any crystal is characterized by its internal structure and habit. Habit is the description of the outer appearance of a crystal whereas the internal structure is the molecular arrangement within the solid.

- Crystalline solid have sharp melting point

- Crystalline solids are the most stable solids compared to other solids.

- Crystalline solid show the anisotropic property.

-Crystalline solid is hard and brittle.

- Crystalline solid have heat of evaporation is very high.

Related Post:

Definition of Crystalline Solid 

Difference between amorphous and crystalline Solid

Amorphous solid: Definition, property, and example

Definition and brief about the DNA

DNA means deoxyribonucleic acid

Definition:

DNA is the compound which carries out the hereditary information in the organism.

Structure of the DNA:

-DNA contains de-oxy-ribose 

-DNA is self-replicating.

-DNA is double-stranded molecules contain long chain of nucleotides.

Component of structure:

-The structure of the DNA content sugar which is known as deoxyribose and phosphate backbone and the base.

-The bases present in DNA are adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine.

-The based are pair with each other base paring is following manner

 Adenine with Thymine which known as AT

- Guanine with cytosine which known as GC.

-Purine and Pyrimidine bases are the bases available in equal number.

-Only one type of DNA is present.

-DNA is found in the nucleus of a cell and in mitochondria.

Functions:

-Storage of genetic information.

-Transmission of genetic information to make other cells and new

-Development and functioning of all known living organisms. 

Related Article:
What are the main differences between DNA and RNA. 
Definition and brief about the RNA 
Difference between DNA and RNA polymerase