Difference between DNA and RNA polymerase

DNA polymerase:

-DNA polymerase is the enzyme that synthesizes new DNA molecules from the DNA nucleotides.

-DNA polymerase is the enzyme used in the DNA replication. Replication is process in which DNA is synthesized.

-DNA polymerase requires a primer for the initiation of polymerization

-DNA polymerase produces a double-stranded DNA molecule during polymerization.

-DNA polymerase synthesizes the entire chromosome.

RNA polymerase:

-RNA polymerase is the enzyme used in transcription. Transcription is process of synthesis of RNA molecules from.

-Both enzymes are capable of forming phosphodiester bonds between nucleotides

While RNA polymerases do not require primer.

-Whereas RNA polymerase produces single-stranded RNA molecule during transcription.

-RNA polymerase stops the synthesis at the transcription termination site

Monomers of nucleic acids - nucleotide

Monomer of Nucleic Acids is molecules find in DNA known as nucleotides. Monomer of nucleic acid is called as nucleotides.

When nucleotides joint to gather and make a polymer. The polynucleotide chain is known as the nucleic acid. Nucleotides are complex, which contain nitrogenous, sugar-phosphate backbone.

 Monomers of nucleic acid (nucleotides) have 03 components:

 Nitrogenous Base

 Five-Carbon (Pentose) Sugar

 Phosphate Group

Nitrogenous Base:

The nitrogen base available in RNA is Adenine, guanine, cytosine, and Uracil while in DNA Adenine, guanine, cytosine, and Thiamine only Uracil are replace by thiamine in the nucleic acid. 

Five-Carbon (Pentose) Sugar:

DNA composed the deoxyribose sugar and RNA compose the Ribose sugar.

Phosphate Group:

Phosphate group link with the other and form the bond in the nucleotide. 

Structure of the nucleotides (Nucleic acids monomers)

Difference between DNA and RNA Polymerase 

Main Difference between DNA and RNA  

Definition and brief about DNA 

Definition and brief about RNA 

Nucleic acids Definition, function and examples

Nucleic acids 

The nucleic acid is molecules that allow organisms to transfer genetic information from one generation to the next.

These macromolecules store the genetic information that determines and makes protein synthesis.

Nucleic Acid is part of the DNA and RNA.

Nucleic acids are composed of nucleotide monomers when nucleotide linked together. 

Nucleotides have three parts:

• A Nitrogenous Base.
• A Five-Carbon (Pentose) Sugar.
• A Phosphate Group.

Example of Nucleic Acid:

Following are the example of the nucleic Acid.

DNA:

DNA is the example of the nucleic acids.DNA means Deoxyribonucleic acid. It contains all of the genetic information for a living organism.

RNA:

RNA is the example of Nucleic Acid.RNA means Ribonucleic Acid.

Synthetic Nucleic Acid:

Some nucleic acids are synthesized it is analogous of DNA and RNA.

Mutations:

Mutations can occur within the DNA and RNA structures. Some of these mutations to the nucleic acids have resulted in medical conditions such as heart disease, cancer,  Alzheimer's disease, Tay-Sachs disease etc.

Function of Nucleic Acid:

-The nucleic acid is the transfer the genetic information.

-Synthesis of the protein

-DNA contains the genetic information; it is used in the development and functioning of all living organisms. 

- DNA nucleic acid store the information while RNA transfer the information.

What are the main differences between DNA and RNA

Following are the difference between DNA and RNA.

	DNA	RNA
1.	DNA mean Deoxyribonucleic acid	RNA mean Ribonucleic Acid
2.	DNA composed of two chains that coil around each other to form double helix.	RNA usually is a single-strand helix contains short chains of nucleotides
3.	DNA is self replicates.	RNA synthesize from the DNA
4.	DNA found in nucleus, also very less amount present in mitochondria.	RNA found in cell’s nucleus, its cytoplasm, and its ribosome.
5.	Quantity of DNA in cell is fixed	Quantity of DNA in cell is not fixed. It is variable.
6.	The bases present in DNA are adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine. Where adenine pair with Thymine	The bases present in RNA are adenine, guanine, cytosine and Uracil. Where adenine pair with Uracil.
7.	Only one type of DNA is present in body.	Mainly Three different types of RNA: m-RNA, t-RNA and r-RNA.
8.	DNA is a much longer polymer than RNA	RNA molecules are variable in length , but much shorter than long DNA polymer.
9.	DNA transmission of genetic information to make other cells and new organism	RNA have function own their types. RNA used to transfer the genetic code from the nucleus to the ribosomes to make proteins.

Definition and Brief about RNA

-RNA mean Ribonucleic Acid.

-RNA usually is a single-strand helix contains short chains of nucleotides.

-There are some exceptions where RNA is double-stranded and DNA is single stranded. Examples of double-stranded RNA are reo-virus, retrovirus, hepatitis-B virus etc.

Component of structure:

-The structure of the RNA content sugar which is known as ribose and phosphate backbone and the base.

-Shorter polymer with a and phosphate backbone and four bases. The bases present in RNA are adenine, guanine, cytosine and uracil.

Base Pairing        

Adenine-Uracil- AU

Guanine-Cytosine-GC

-RNA is synthesized from DNA on an as-needed basis.

-Mainly Three different types of RNA: m-RNA, t-RNA and r-RNA others are snRNA , snoRNA, miRNA, siRNA .

Functions:

-RNA takes on many different roles, for instance, RNA can act as an enzyme such as ribozyme.

-RNA acts as a messenger between DNA and the protein synthesis complexes known as ribosome.RNA used to transfer the genetic code from the nucleus to the ribosomes to make proteins.

-RNA is used to transmit genetic information in some organisms and may have been the molecule used to store genetic blueprints in primitive organisms.

- The mRNA carry the message from the DNA, which controls all of the cellular activities in a cell. If a cell requires a certain protein to be synthesized, the gene for this product is get the message and the mRNA is synthesized through the process of transcription.

-Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is major constituent of ribosome. It ensures the proper alignment of the mRNA and the ribosomes during protein synthesis and catalyzes the formation of the peptide bonds between two aligned amino acids during protein synthesis.

-tRNA is a small type of stable RNA that carries an amino acid to the corresponding site of protein synthesis in the ribosome. It is the base pairing between the tRNA and mRNA that allows for the correct amino acid to be inserted in the polypeptide chain being synthesized.

Definition and brief about the DNA

DNA means deoxyribonucleic acid

Definition:

DNA is the compound which carries out the hereditary information in the organism.

Structure of the DNA:

-DNA contains de-oxy-ribose 

-DNA is self-replicating.

-DNA is double-stranded molecules contain long chain of nucleotides.

Component of structure:

-The structure of the DNA content sugar which is known as deoxyribose and phosphate backbone and the base.

-The bases present in DNA are adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine.

-The based are pair with each other base paring is following manner

 Adenine with Thymine which known as AT

- Guanine with cytosine which known as GC.

-Purine and Pyrimidine bases are the bases available in equal number.

-Only one type of DNA is present.

-DNA is found in the nucleus of a cell and in mitochondria.

Functions:

-Storage of genetic information.

-Transmission of genetic information to make other cells and new

-Development and functioning of all known living organisms. 

Related Article:
What are the main differences between DNA and RNA. 
Definition and brief about the RNA 
Difference between DNA and RNA polymerase

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