Nucleic acids Definition, function and examples

Nucleic acids 

The nucleic acid is molecules that allow organisms to transfer genetic information from one generation to the next.

These macromolecules store the genetic information that determines and makes protein synthesis.

Nucleic Acid is part of the DNA and RNA.

Nucleic acids are composed of nucleotide monomers when nucleotide linked together. 

Nucleotides have three parts:

• A Nitrogenous Base.
• A Five-Carbon (Pentose) Sugar.
• A Phosphate Group.

Example of Nucleic Acid:

Following are the example of the nucleic Acid.

DNA:

DNA is the example of the nucleic acids.DNA means Deoxyribonucleic acid. It contains all of the genetic information for a living organism.

RNA:

RNA is the example of Nucleic Acid.RNA means Ribonucleic Acid.

Synthetic Nucleic Acid:

Some nucleic acids are synthesized it is analogous of DNA and RNA.

Mutations:

Mutations can occur within the DNA and RNA structures. Some of these mutations to the nucleic acids have resulted in medical conditions such as heart disease, cancer,  Alzheimer's disease, Tay-Sachs disease etc.

Function of Nucleic Acid:

-The nucleic acid is the transfer the genetic information.

-Synthesis of the protein

-DNA contains the genetic information; it is used in the development and functioning of all living organisms. 

- DNA nucleic acid store the information while RNA transfer the information.

What are the main differences between DNA and RNA

Following are the difference between DNA and RNA.

	DNA	RNA
1.	DNA mean Deoxyribonucleic acid	RNA mean Ribonucleic Acid
2.	DNA composed of two chains that coil around each other to form double helix.	RNA usually is a single-strand helix contains short chains of nucleotides
3.	DNA is self replicates.	RNA synthesize from the DNA
4.	DNA found in nucleus, also very less amount present in mitochondria.	RNA found in cell’s nucleus, its cytoplasm, and its ribosome.
5.	Quantity of DNA in cell is fixed	Quantity of DNA in cell is not fixed. It is variable.
6.	The bases present in DNA are adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine. Where adenine pair with Thymine	The bases present in RNA are adenine, guanine, cytosine and Uracil. Where adenine pair with Uracil.
7.	Only one type of DNA is present in body.	Mainly Three different types of RNA: m-RNA, t-RNA and r-RNA.
8.	DNA is a much longer polymer than RNA	RNA molecules are variable in length , but much shorter than long DNA polymer.
9.	DNA transmission of genetic information to make other cells and new organism	RNA have function own their types. RNA used to transfer the genetic code from the nucleus to the ribosomes to make proteins.

Definition and Brief about RNA

-RNA mean Ribonucleic Acid.

-RNA usually is a single-strand helix contains short chains of nucleotides.

-There are some exceptions where RNA is double-stranded and DNA is single stranded. Examples of double-stranded RNA are reo-virus, retrovirus, hepatitis-B virus etc.

Component of structure:

-The structure of the RNA content sugar which is known as ribose and phosphate backbone and the base.

-Shorter polymer with a and phosphate backbone and four bases. The bases present in RNA are adenine, guanine, cytosine and uracil.

Base Pairing        

Adenine-Uracil- AU

Guanine-Cytosine-GC

-RNA is synthesized from DNA on an as-needed basis.

-Mainly Three different types of RNA: m-RNA, t-RNA and r-RNA others are snRNA , snoRNA, miRNA, siRNA .

Functions:

-RNA takes on many different roles, for instance, RNA can act as an enzyme such as ribozyme.

-RNA acts as a messenger between DNA and the protein synthesis complexes known as ribosome.RNA used to transfer the genetic code from the nucleus to the ribosomes to make proteins.

-RNA is used to transmit genetic information in some organisms and may have been the molecule used to store genetic blueprints in primitive organisms.

- The mRNA carry the message from the DNA, which controls all of the cellular activities in a cell. If a cell requires a certain protein to be synthesized, the gene for this product is get the message and the mRNA is synthesized through the process of transcription.

-Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is major constituent of ribosome. It ensures the proper alignment of the mRNA and the ribosomes during protein synthesis and catalyzes the formation of the peptide bonds between two aligned amino acids during protein synthesis.

-tRNA is a small type of stable RNA that carries an amino acid to the corresponding site of protein synthesis in the ribosome. It is the base pairing between the tRNA and mRNA that allows for the correct amino acid to be inserted in the polypeptide chain being synthesized.

Definition and brief about the DNA

DNA means deoxyribonucleic acid

Definition:

DNA is the compound which carries out the hereditary information in the organism.

Structure of the DNA:

-DNA contains de-oxy-ribose 

-DNA is self-replicating.

-DNA is double-stranded molecules contain long chain of nucleotides.

Component of structure:

-The structure of the DNA content sugar which is known as deoxyribose and phosphate backbone and the base.

-The bases present in DNA are adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine.

-The based are pair with each other base paring is following manner

 Adenine with Thymine which known as AT

- Guanine with cytosine which known as GC.

-Purine and Pyrimidine bases are the bases available in equal number.

-Only one type of DNA is present.

-DNA is found in the nucleus of a cell and in mitochondria.

Functions:

-Storage of genetic information.

-Transmission of genetic information to make other cells and new

-Development and functioning of all known living organisms. 

Related Article:
What are the main differences between DNA and RNA. 
Definition and brief about the RNA 
Difference between DNA and RNA polymerase

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Name of the Hospital: Kasturba Vaidyakiya Rahat Mandal

Address:                      Lala Lajpatrai Road,
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Kasturba Hospital is one of the leading hospital in Valsad. Kasturba hospital has following department.

Anesthesia Department

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General and laparoscopy department 

Location:

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Name of Hospital:   Amit Hospital

Address:                  Opp Avabai High School,

                                  Halar Road, Valsad, Gujarat 396001

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Email Id:                   amithospital2010@yahoo.in

About the hospital:

Amit Hospital is multi speciality centre in Valsad.

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Location:

List of Full time Doctors in Amit Hospital

Name of Doctor: Dr. Sandeep S.Desai

                             Consulting Physician

Name of Doctor: Dr. Ketul Patel

                             Consulting Physician

Name of Doctor: Dr. Vijay Khatri

                             Orthopedic Surgeon

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List of full time Doctors in Lotus hospital Valsad

Following are the list of doctors available in Lotus Hospital (Full time).

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Specialization: MD (Radiology)
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Name of the Doctor : Dr. Bhairavi Joshi
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